Legal Alerts

New Annulment Decision by the Constitutional Court Regarding the Phrase “The Registration Ruling is Final,…” in Article 10 of the Expropriation Law

The Constitutional Court, with its decision published in the Official Gazette on 21 May 2026, annulled the phrase “The registration ruling is final,…” in Article 10 of the Expropriation Law, holding that the transfer of ownership before the expropriation compensation is finally determined violates the constitutional guarantee of advance payment and the right to property.

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Enforcing US Commercial Court Judgments in Turkey: A Guide to Recognition and Enforcement under Turkish Private International Law

US commercial court judgments are not automatically enforceable in Turkey. Creditors must first obtain an enforcement decision before proceeding against assets in Turkey. This guide explains the recognition and enforcement framework under Turkish private international law, including reciprocity, finality, service of process, public policy, mandatory mediation, interim attachment, and security for costs.

Legal Alerts

New Annulment Decision by the Constitutional Court Regarding the Regime for Expulsion of Shareholders in Two-Shareholder Limited Liability Companies

In its decision published in the Official Gazette dated 17 March 2026, the Constitutional Court annulled the provisions of the Turkish Commercial Code that made an application to the court for the expulsion of a shareholder for just cause subject to a general assembly resolution, solely with respect to two-shareholder limited liability companies.

Legal Alerts

The Turkish DPA Published a Guideline on Agentic AI Systems

On 12 March 2026, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority published its Guideline on Agentic Artificial Intelligence. The Guideline explains what Agentic AI systems are, outlines the personal data protection risks they may create, and highlights key compliance considerations such as human oversight, transparency, explainability, privacy by design, and risk assessment.

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Flip-Up Structuring in Startups: A Legal and Tax Framework

In the startup ecosystem, a flip-up refers to the restructuring of a local startup’s shareholding and group structure under a foreign holding company. This structure requires a multilayered assessment in terms of investor expectations, choice of jurisdiction, implementation mechanisms such as share swaps, Türkiye-specific regulatory and tax considerations, and the practical risks commonly encountered in execution.

Legal Alerts

The Turkish Data Protection Board Issued a Principle Decision on the Use of Loyalty Cards by Third Parties

The Turkish Data Protection Board’s Principle Decision dated 11 February 2026 and numbered 2026/266 sets out important findings on the use of a loyalty card member’s mobile phone number or loyalty card number by third parties during shopping transactions. The decision makes clear that such use may, as a rule, lead to unlawful personal data processing and highlights the need for data controllers to strengthen authentication mechanisms, reduce inaccurate data processing risks, and redesign loyalty card processes in line with the accuracy principle.