- Legal Alerts
On 12 March 2026, the Turkish Personal Data Protection Authority published its Guideline on Agentic Artificial Intelligence. The Guideline explains what Agentic AI systems are, outlines the personal data protection risks they may create, and highlights key compliance considerations such as human oversight, transparency, explainability, privacy by design, and risk assessment.
- Article
In the startup ecosystem, a flip-up refers to the restructuring of a local startup’s shareholding and group structure under a foreign holding company. This structure requires a multilayered assessment in terms of investor expectations, choice of jurisdiction, implementation mechanisms such as share swaps, Türkiye-specific regulatory and tax considerations, and the practical risks commonly encountered in execution.
- Legal Alerts
The Turkish DPA has published a guideline on the use of third-party generative AI tools in the workplace. The guideline summarizes Shadow AI risks and sets out recommendations on internal policies, employee awareness, and access controls.
- Article
Vesting agreements under Turkish law structure equity or equity-linked benefits to vest over time or upon milestones.
- Legal Alerts
The Turkish Data Protection Board’s Principle Decision dated 11 February 2026 and numbered 2026/266 sets out important findings on the use of a loyalty card member’s mobile phone number or loyalty card number by third parties during shopping transactions. The decision makes clear that such use may, as a rule, lead to unlawful personal data processing and highlights the need for data controllers to strengthen authentication mechanisms, reduce inaccurate data processing risks, and redesign loyalty card processes in line with the accuracy principle.
- Legal Alerts
The Court of Cassation’s 3rd Civil Chamber, by its decision dated 15 January 2026 (File No. 2025/5452, Decision No. 2026/129), upheld the validity of a “mediation first, arbitration if unresolved” (Med-Arb) clause and marked a shift in its case law by departing from its earlier reversal approach on the same issue.
- Article
A SAFE streamlines early-stage start up financings by postponing valuation and tying conversion into equity to specific trigger events. Under Turkish law, the key issues typically revolve around contractual characterization, the corporate steps required for conversion (share issuance or capital increase), and enforceability in practice. The article offers a high-level overview of these core considerations through a TCO and TCC framework.
- Article
Article 89/3 of the Turkish Enforcement and Bankruptcy Law sets out a three-stage garnishment notice mechanism that may deem a third party to “hold” the debtor’s debt if no timely objection is made. Key issues include defective service and its effect on time limits, the 15-day peremptory period for filing a negative declaratory action, suspension of enforcement upon proof of filing, subject-matter jurisdiction clarified by the 2023 Court of Cassation (11th Civil Chamber), the 2025 Constitutional Court’s burden-of-proof approach, and the ongoing debate on mandatory mediation.
- Article
Although not expressly regulated as a typical contract under the Turkish Code of Obligations, NDAs have become a technically critical risk-management tool in practice, where defining the scope of confidential information and trade secrets, setting clear limits on use in processes such as due diligence, and calibrating penalty clauses and damages for breach are decisive.
- Article
Türkiye offers foreign investors a modern UNCITRAL aligned and arbitration friendly framework backed by ISTAC and the New York Convention that enables faster and readily enforceable resolution of cross border commercial disputes with minimal court interference.
- Legal Alerts
The Constitutional Court of Türkiye, in its decision published in the Official Gazette dated 24 December 2025 , has annulled the phrase “...from the notification of the decision...” in Article 28 of the Law on Fees No. 492 regarding the payment period of the remaining judgment and writ fee , finding it unconstitutional regarding “lawsuits for compensation filed due to de facto expropriation (kamulaştırmasız el atma) where the defendant is not exempt from fees.”
- Legal Alerts
Anayasa Mahkemesi, 1 Aralık 2025 tarihli Resmî Gazete’de yayımlanan kararıyla, 3095 sayılı Kanuni Faiz ve Temerrüt Faizine İlişkin Kanun’un kanuni faiz oranını belirleyen 1. maddesini "sözleşmeden kaynaklanmayan borç ilişkileri" yönünden Anayasa’ya aykırı bularak iptal etti.