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SAFE Agreements (Simple Agreement for Future Equity) in Turkish Law

A SAFE streamlines early-stage start up financings by postponing valuation and tying conversion into equity to specific trigger events. Under Turkish law, the key issues typically revolve around contractual characterization, the corporate steps required for conversion (share issuance or capital increase), and enforceability in practice. The article offers a high-level overview of these core considerations through a TCO and TCC framework.

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Contractual Protection of Trade Secrets and Confidential Information: Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) in Light of Turkish Law of Obligations and Court of Cassation Jurisprudence

Although not expressly regulated as a typical contract under the Turkish Code of Obligations, NDAs have become a technically critical risk-management tool in practice, where defining the scope of confidential information and trade secrets, setting clear limits on use in processes such as due diligence, and calibrating penalty clauses and damages for breach are decisive.